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Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: In addition to the weekly newspaper serving the smaller community, every major city had its own daily newspaper, and the metropolis had become the site of circulation battles between several titles.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: In describing Munsey and others like him, the American author and editor William Allen White wrote that he possessed “the talent of a meat packer, the morals of a money changer, and the manners of an undertaker.”

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: In England the printed news book or news pamphlet usually related a single topical event such as a battle, disaster, or public celebration.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: In France the first daily, Journal de Paris, was started in 1771, and the Journal des Débats (1789), published until World War II, was founded as a daily to report on sessions of the National Assembly. Papers multiplied during the Revolution and decreased sharply after it.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: In New York City Pulitzer bought the failing New York World and in three years raised its circulation from 15,000 to 250,000, at that time the highest figure achieved by any newspaper in the world.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: In New York City the newspaper business was shaken up by the arrival of Joseph Pulitzer, who is often credited with changing the course of American journalism.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: In the first two decades of the 17th century, more or less regular papers printed from movable type appeared in Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: In the United States, up to the mid-1930s, such magazines were largely “trade-papers for home-makers.”

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: In this area, of course, advertising pressure canbe considerable–e.g., for editorial support of a new product–but editors have usually contained it within some limits.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: In western Europe many papers became primarily organs of political and literary opinion.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: It was inevitable that some newspapers, and especially those that refrained from irresponsible tactics, would suffer circulation losses.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: Led by papers in Great Britain and the United States, newspapers broadened their appeal and reduced prices.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: LikePulitzer, Hearst had learned about newspaper proprietorship in the brash, tough frontier West.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: Most of the news distributed internationally is provided by only four agencies, all in Western countries: Reuters, the Associated Press, United Press International, and Agence France-Presse.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: Most of the press of the new republic proved fiercely partisan in the political struggles between the Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: Newspaper is a publication usually issued daily, weekly, or at other regular times that provides news, views, features, and other information of public interest and that often carries advertising.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: Newspapers with extensive circulations could command the attention of the larger advertisers, and this reinforced the disappearance of smaller titles in favour of a few high-circulation papers.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: Not until 1771 did Parliament formally concede journalists the right to report its proceedings.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: Once circulation figures became all-important, advertisers naturally asserted their right to verify them.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: One of the first and most successful was Family Circle (founded 1932), given away in Piggly Wiggly supermarkets until 1946, when it was sold as a family monthly.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: One of these was The New York Times , which only recovered after its position as the city's leading serious journal was reestablished after the paper was taken over by the tycoon Adolph S. Ochs in 1896.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: One outcome of the new ownership pattern was the gradual disappearance of the old press baron, who, as editor-proprietor, had tended to combine the roles of professional editor and management executive.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: Other forerunners include the town crier and ballads and broadsides.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: Priced low to increase circulation, it was deliberately based on a plan for earning most of the revenues from advertising.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: Rising circulations were made possible by technological advances in mechanical typesetting, in high-speed printing (rotary press), in communications (telegraph and telephone), and in transport (railway).

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: Scripps bought small, financially insecure newspapers and set them on their feet by installing capable young editors, who were given a share of the profits as an incentive to improve circulation.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: Scripps wanted his papers to be of genuine service to the public, and though he succeeded in making money from them his motive was never exclusively profit.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: Scripps's methods were adopted by his rivals and by newspaper proprietors in other countries as the idea of the chain spread.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: Such writers could gain considerable national followings when their columns or articles were syndicated by major chains.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: Sweden passed the first law guaranteeing freedom of the press in 1766.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: Takeovers often led to title mergers or the complete disappearance of titles.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: The alternative press, sometimes strident and irreverent, was forthright in seeking fresh approaches.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: The bond with advertising is probably most evident in magazines for women, since they are the greatest buyers of consumer goods.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: The Boston Gazette (1719) was printed by James Franklin, Benjamin Franklin's brother.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: The Dutch “corantos” (“currents of news”), which strung together items extracted from foreign journals, became the sources for English and French translations published in Amsterdam as early as 1620.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: The earliest known example is an eyewitness account of the English victory over the Scots at the Battle of Flodden (1513).

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: The editors were always urged “to serve that class of people and only that class of people from whom you cannot even hope to derive any other income than the one cent a day that they pay for your newspaper.”

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: The first English corantos appeared in London in 1621.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: The first American chain was organized by Edward W. Scripps in the 1890s.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: The first American tabloid was the New York Daily News (1919), started by Joseph Medill Patterson and devoted to sex and sensationalism.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: The first newspaper in the United States, Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick (Boston, September 1690), was suppressed by the colonial governor after one issue.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: The Journal published exaggerated stories and editorials about the political tensions between the United States and Spain that stirred the country to a pitch of hysteria.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: The number of American newspaper titles more than doubled between 1880 and 1900, from 850 to nearly 2,000.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: The paper's slogans, “All the news that's fit to print” and “It will not soil the breakfast cloth,” indicated its commitment to serious news reporting.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: The Thirty Years' War (1618–48) set back incipient newspapers in Germany, and censorship in various forms was general throughout Europe.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: The Times, for example, increased circulation from 5,000 in 1815 (price seven pence) to 50,000 by the mid-19th century (five pence).

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: The Times, which became a model for high quality and later led in mechanical innovation, was founded by John Walter in 1785, and The Observer was founded in 1791.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: The Village Voice in New York City began publishing in 1955.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: There were exceptions, such as True Story (founded 1919), which concentrated on entertainment, and Vogue, which introduced readers to a wider world, but more typical was Better Homes and Gardens (founded 1922), which gave fresh impetus to the trend toward “service” by helping both men and women in the running of their homes.

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: There were some 2,200 in North America, South America had more than 760, and Africa fewer than 160.