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In the second half of the 19th century all the American possessions of Russia

and he called these islands the West Indies.

At last they saw land. Columbus was certain that the lands he had discovered were part of India,

were sold by the tsar to the United States.

Russians were the first Europeans

to settle in north-west America.

The people living there have been called Indians since then,

a new part of the world.

Not until later was it understood that Columbus had discovered

though they have nothing in common with the real Indians - inhabitants of India.

It was called America after Amerigo Vespucci,

a traveller who left a description of some places he had seen there.

Not until later was it understood that Columbus had discovered

before the arrival of the Europeans.

It was called America after Amerigo Vespucci,

a traveller who left a description of some places he had seen there.

Some of the Indian peoples had a highly developed culture

a new part of the world.

Some of the Indian peoples had a highly developed culture

before the arrival of the Europeans.

There were great states

a traveller who left a description of some places he had seen there.

It was called America after Amerigo Vespucci,

with large towns.

There were great states

with large towns.

The Spanish conquerors robbed

before the arrival of the Europeans.

Some of the Indian peoples had a highly developed culture

and killed the natives without mercy.

At last they saw land. Columbus was certain that the lands he had discovered were part of India,

and he called these islands the West Indies.

In the second half of the 19th century all the American possessions of Russia

were sold by the tsar to the United States.

The people living there have been called Indians since then,

though they have nothing in common with the real Indians - inhabitants of India.

There were great states

and killed the natives without mercy.

The Spanish conquerors robbed

with large towns.

They were enslaved,

their states destroyed, their towns ruined.

At last they saw land. Columbus was certain that the lands he had discovered were part of India,

a new part of the world.

The people living there have been called Indians since then,

and he called these islands the West Indies.

Not until later was it understood that Columbus had discovered

though they have nothing in common with the real Indians - inhabitants of India.

In 1066 the Normans,

a people who came from the north of France, conquered England.

They were the Angles,

and the Anglo-Saxons formed the English people.

As the years passed, the Normans

the Saxons and the Jutes.

The word 'jack' was in use before 1600

as "the British flag" or "the flag of Britain".

But by 1674, while formally referred to as "His Majesty's Jack",

to describe the maritime bow flag.

When the flag was introduced in 1606, it was known simply

it was commonly called the Union Jack, and this was officially acknowledged.

One theory goes that for some years it would have been called just "the Jack",

or "Jack flag", or "the King's Jack".

But by 1674, while formally referred to as "His Majesty's Jack",

it was commonly called the Union Jack, and this was officially acknowledged.

The word 'jack' was in use before 1600

to describe the maritime bow flag.

The first use of the name "Union"

appeared in 1625.

By 1627 a small Union Jack

to describe the maritime bow flag.

The word 'jack' was in use before 1600

was commonly flown in this position.

When the flag was introduced in 1606, it was known simply

appeared in 1625.

The first use of the name "Union"

to describe the maritime bow flag.

The word 'jack' was in use before 1600

as "the British flag" or "the flag of Britain".

One view is that "Union Jack" should be used only for the flag when it is flown as a jack (a small flag flown at the bow of a ship),

appeared in 1625.

The first use of the name "Union"

but it is not universally accepted that the "Jack" of "Union Jack" is a reference to such a jack flag and is only an educated guess.

When the flag was introduced in 1606, it was known simply

as "the British flag" or "the flag of Britain".

It retains an official or semi-official status

from the Union of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801.

Whether to use "Union Flag"

in many Commonwealth Realms.

The current design dates

or "Union Jack" is a matter of debate.

The current design dates

in many Commonwealth Realms.

It retains an official or semi-official status

from the Union of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801.

Historically, the flag was used

throughout the former British Empire.

This saltire is overlaid on the saltire of St Andrew,

but still beneath the cross of St George.

The new design added

is the national flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

The Union Flag, also known as the Union Jack,

the red saltire cross of St Patrick's Flag for Ireland.

The additional white stripe is added (as with the St George's cross)

to prevent "colour next to colour", a heraldic imperative.

The arrangement has introduced a requirement to display

the flag "the right way up".

The current flag is blazoned Azure, the Crosses Saltire of St Andrew and St Patrick, quarterly per saltire, counterchanged Argent and Gules,

the latter fimbriated of the second, surmounted by the Cross of St George of the third, fimbriated as the saltire.

The new design added

the red saltire cross of St Patrick's Flag for Ireland.

The current Union Flag dates from 1 January 1801 with the Act of Union 1800,

but still beneath the cross of St George.

This saltire is overlaid on the saltire of St Andrew,

which merged the Kingdom of Ireland and the Kingdom of Great Britain to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Not far from the Capitol is

– and it has been the "White House" ever since.

In 1834, in order to hide the marks of the fire, the brown stone walls of the president's home were painted white

the Library of Congress.

The Irish saltire is arranged counterchange with the saltire of St Andrew,

so the white is always on the clockwise side of the red.

In 1834, in order to hide the marks of the fire, the brown stone walls of the president's home were painted white

the Library of Congress.

It is said that in 1812 when England was at war with America, the British captured the city,

– and it has been the "White House" ever since.

Not far from the Capitol is

and some of the buildings, including the Capitol and the house of the president, were set on fire.

There is a law in Washington against building structures higher than the Capitol;

is the oldest public structure in the capital and one of the most beautiful.

The White House, the residence of the president,

therefore it presents different appearance from New York with its sky-scrapers.

Not far from the Capitol is

the Library of Congress.

There is a law in Washington against building structures higher than the Capitol;

but it is very important as the capital of the USA.

Washington is not a very large city,

the Library of Congress.

Not far from the Capitol is

therefore it presents different appearance from New York with its sky-scrapers.

Washington is not a very large city,

therefore it presents different appearance from New York with its sky-scrapers.

There is a law in Washington against building structures higher than the Capitol;

but it is very important as the capital of the USA.

George Washington chose the place located midway

to keep at close touch as possible between the states.

Washington was founded in 1791 and it became

to keep at close touch as possible between the states.

Washington is not a very large city,

the capital of the United States of America.

George Washington chose the place located midway

but it is very important as the capital of the USA.

The most important cities of the USA are: New York, San Francisco,

to keep at close touch as possible between the states.

Washington was founded in 1791 and it became

the capital of the United States of America.

George Washington chose the place located midway

Los Angeles, Chicago, Boston and others.

The population of Washington

is Washington.

It was named in honour of the first President

is over 3 million.

The capital of the United States

whose name was George Washington.

The Capitol, where the Congress meets, is a very high

had resolved that “these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be Free and Independent States.”

Accordingly, the day on which final separation was officially voted was July 2, although the 4th,

the day on which the Declaration of Independence was adopted, has always been celebrated in the United States as the great national holiday–the Fourth of July, or Independence Day.

It explained why the Congress on July 2 “unanimously” by the votes of 12 colonies (with New York abstaining)

and beautiful building with white marble columns.

Accordingly, the day on which final separation was officially voted was July 2, although the 4th,

and that announced the separation of 13 North American British colonies from Great Britain.

It explained why the Congress on July 2 “unanimously” by the votes of 12 colonies (with New York abstaining)

the day on which the Declaration of Independence was adopted, has always been celebrated in the United States as the great national holiday–the Fourth of July, or Independence Day.

The Declaration of Independence in U.S. history, document that was approved by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776,

had resolved that “these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be Free and Independent States.”

The 50 stars – white on a blue field represent the 50 states

and the 13 stripes represent 13 original English colonies, which in 1776 became free and independent of England.

The Declaration of Independence in U.S. history, document that was approved by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776,

and that announced the separation of 13 North American British colonies from Great Britain.

It explained why the Congress on July 2 “unanimously” by the votes of 12 colonies (with New York abstaining)

had resolved that “these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be Free and Independent States.”

The flag of the United States is called

and that announced the separation of 13 North American British colonies from Great Britain.

The Declaration of Independence in U.S. history, document that was approved by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776,

'Stars and Stripes'.

The 50 stars – white on a blue field represent the 50 states

and the 13 stripes represent 13 original English colonies, which in 1776 became free and independent of England.

The two governments.

the Irish Free State or Eire.

For seven centuries Ireland

are still working together toward a solution

Much later, in 1949 it was officially proclaimed an independent state,

was a colony of Britain.

It gives the Republic of Ireland a voice in the administration of Northern Ireland,

to find a political solution to the Northern Ireland problem.

Since trouble started in Northern Ireland in the late 1960s there have been a number of attempts

and Irish governments made a new political agreement on Northern Ireland, the Anglo-Irish Agreement.

In November 1985, the British

and the Irish government recognizes that there will only be a united Ireland, if a majority of people in Ulster agree to it.

In November 1985, the British

to find a political solution to the Northern Ireland problem.

Since trouble started in Northern Ireland in the late 1960s there have been a number of attempts

and Irish governments made a new political agreement on Northern Ireland, the Anglo-Irish Agreement.

They believe that British withdrawal

from Ireland is the only way to achieve peace.

As a result of the hard struggle of the Irish people for independence the larger part of Ireland (26 counties)

the Irish Free State or Eire.

Much later, in 1949 it was officially proclaimed an independent state,

against social deprivation which is at its worst among Catholics.

But certain forces of both the Irish Republic and Northern Ireland are for the reunification of the country,

gained the status of a British dominion in 1921.

As a result of the hard struggle of the Irish people for independence the larger part of Ireland (26 counties)

the Irish Free State or Eire.

Much later, in 1949 it was officially proclaimed an independent state,

gained the status of a British dominion in 1921.

The industrial north-east (Northern Ireland with its 6 counties).

was retained by Great Britain as its smallest component

For seven centuries Ireland

the Irish nation was forcefully partitioned.

Northern Ireland contains six of the nine counties of the historic province of Ulster

and that is why the name ‘Ulster’ is sometimes used as equivalent to Northern Ireland.

Due to the colonial policy of Great Britain

was a colony of Britain.

Northern Ireland is

the smallest component of the United Kingdom.

For seven centuries Ireland

was a colony of Britain.

Northern Ireland contains six of the nine counties of the historic province of Ulster

and that is why the name ‘Ulster’ is sometimes used as equivalent to Northern Ireland.